UN Human Rights Experts: Iran Must Halt Imminent Execution of Kurdish Prisoner Heidar Ghorbani
UN human rights experts* have appealed to Iran to halt the imminent execution of Iranian Kurdish prisoner Heidar Ghorbani and repeal his death sentence amid serious concerns that he did not receive a fair trial and was tortured during pre-trial detention.
“The Iranian authorities must immediately halt the execution of Heidar Ghorbani and annul the death sentence against him and grant him a retrial in compliance with their international obligations,” the experts said.
“We are seriously concerned that Mr. Ghorbani’s eventual confession was forced as a result of torture and ill-treatment,” the experts said. They also expressed concerns about reports that Mr. Ghorbani was denied access to a lawyer during the investigation, and that his lawyer did not have full access to his case file during the trial.
In October 2019, a Criminal Court convicted Mr. Ghorbani of aiding and abetting murder, attempted kidnapping and assisting the perpetrators of the attack to escape. He was sentenced to a total of 118 years and 6 months in prison.
In January 2020, a Revolutionary Court in Kurdistan Province convicted Mr. Ghorbani of baghi (armed rebellion against the State) and sentenced him to the death. This is despite the court acknowledging in the verdict that Mr. Ghorbani was never armed.
Iran’s Criminal Code stipulates that in order to establish the crime of baghi, the defendant must be a member of an armed group and personally resort to arms. During his trial, Mr. Ghorbani denied all charges, stating that he was not a member of a Kurdish political organization and never had a weapon when the victims were killed.
In August 2020, the Supreme Court of Iran upheld the death sentence against Mr. Ghorbani. His requests for a judicial review by the Supreme Court were rejected in September 2020 and August 2021. His sentence may be carried out at any time.
“In the case of Heidar Ghorbani, many foundational guarantees of fair trial and due process enshrined in international human rights law appear to have been violated,” the experts said. “Allegations of torture and confessions extracted under duress are extremely concerning, as is the fact that these allegations did not lead to any investigation and appear not to have been considered by the Court during his trial.
“It is regrettable that the Government continues to issue death sentences,” the experts added. “This is particularly concerning when the crimes do not meet the threshold of the ‘most serious crimes’ as required by international law, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Iran is a State party.
“It is also troubling that courts continue to issue death sentences in trials that not only breach international fair trial standards, but even domestic law and due process guarantees. Once again, we call on Iran to impose an immediate moratorium on executions and commute all death sentences.”
The experts have previously raised concerns with the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran about the death sentence and fair trials violations against Mr. Ghorbani. The Government sent comments in response.
* The experts: Javaid Rehman, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran; Tae-Ung Baik (Chair-Rapporteur), Henrikas Mickevičius (Vice-Chair), Aua Baldé, Gabriella Citroni , Luciano A. Hazan, the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances; Morris Tidball-Binz, Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions; Fernand de Varennes, Special Rapporteur on minority issues; Nils Melzer, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;